4.    Mortgages Receivable, net

The Company offers secured, non-bank loans to real estate owners and investors (also known as “hard money” loans) to fund their acquisition, renovation, development, rehabilitation or improvement of properties located primarily in the Northeastern United States and Florida. The Company’s lending standards typically require that the original principal amount of all mortgage receivable notes be secured by first mortgage liens on one or more properties owned by the borrower or related parties and that the maximum LTV be no greater than 70% of the appraised value of the underlying collateral, as determined by an independent appraiser at the time of the loan origination. The Company considers the maximum LTV as an indicator for the credit quality of a mortgage note receivable. In the case of properties undergoing renovation, the LTV ratio is calculated based on the estimated fair market value of the property after the renovations have been completed. However, the Company makes exceptions to this guideline if the facts and circumstances support the incremental risk. These factors include the additional collateral provided by the borrower, the credit profile of the borrower, the Company’s previous relationship, if any, with the borrower, the nature of the property, the geographic market in which the property is located and any other information the Company deems appropriate.

The loans are generally for a term of one to three years. The loans are initially recorded and carried thereafter, in the financial statements, at cost. Most of the loans provide for monthly payments of interest only (in arrears) during the term of the loan and a “balloon” payment of the principal on the maturity date.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, loans on nonaccrual status had an outstanding principal balance of approximately $85.7 million and approximately $84.6 million, respectively. The nonaccrual loans are inclusive of loans pending foreclosure. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately $0.3 million and approximately $0.6 million of interest income was recorded on nonaccrual loans due to payments received, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the aggregate amounts of loans funded by the Company were approximately $42.7 million and approximately $58.9 million, respectively, offset by principal repayments of approximately $51.4 million and approximately $39.9 million, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s mortgage loan portfolio includes loans ranging in size up to approximately $38.1 million with stated interest rates ranging from 5.0% to 15.0%, compared to loans ranging in size of up to approximately $29.9 million with stated interest rates ranging from 5.0% to 14.2% for the period ended March 31, 2023. The default interest rate is generally 18%, but could be more or less depending on state usury laws and other considerations deemed relevant by the Company.

As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the Company had one borrower representing 10.8% and 10.1% of the outstanding mortgage loan portfolio, or approximately $53.2 million and approximately $50.4 million, respectively.

The Company may agree to extend the term of a loan if, at the time of the extension, the loan and the borrower meet all the Company’s then underwriting requirements. The Company treats a loan extension as a new loan. If an interest reserve is established at the time a loan is funded, accrued interest is paid out of the interest reserve and recognized as interest income at the end of each month. If no reserve is established, the borrower is required to pay the interest monthly from its own funds. The deferred origination, loan servicing and amendment fee income represents amounts that will be recognized over the contractual life of the underlying mortgage notes receivable.

Allowance for Credit Loss

Allowance for credit losses are charged to income in amounts sufficient to maintain an allowance for credit losses inherent in the loans that are established systematically by management as of the reporting date. Management’s estimate of expected credit losses is based on an evaluation of relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the future collectability of the reported amounts. The Company uses static pool modeling techniques to determine the allowance for loan losses expected over the remaining life of the loans, which is supplemented by management’s judgment. Expected losses are estimated for groups of accounts aggregated by geographical location.

The Company’s estimate of expected credit losses includes a reasonable and supportable forecast period equal to the contractual term of the loan plus any applicable short-term extensions that are reasonably expected for construction loans. The

Company reviews charge-off experience factors, contractual delinquency, historical collection rates, the value of underlying collateral and other information to make the necessary judgments as to Allowance for credit losses expected in the portfolio as of the reporting date. While management utilizes the best information available to make its evaluations, changes in macroeconomic conditions, interest rate environments, or both, may significantly impact the assumptions and inputs used in determining the Allowance for credit losses. The Company’s charge-off policy is determined by a review of each delinquent loan. The Company has an accounting policy to not place loans on nonaccrual status unless they are more than 90 days delinquent. Accrual of interest income is generally resumed when the delinquent contractual principal and interest is paid in full or when a portion of the delinquent contractually payments are made and the ongoing required contractual payments have been made for an appropriate period.

In assessing the Allowance for credit losses, the Company considers historical loss experience, current conditions, and a reasonable and supportable forecast of the macroeconomic environment. The Company derived an annual historical loss rate based on its historical loss experience in its portfolio, adjusted to incorporate the risks of construction lending, other specific circumstances, and to reflect the Company’s expectations of the macroeconomic environment.

The following table summarizes the activity in the mortgages receivable Allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2023 through March 31, 2024:

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Presented below is the Company’s loan portfolio by geographical location:

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Presented below are the carrying values by property type:

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The following tables allocate the carrying value of the Company’s loan portfolio based on internal credit quality indicators in assessing estimated credit losses and vintage of origination at the dates indicated:

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The following table sets forth the maturities of mortgages receivable as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

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At March 31, 2024, of the 273 mortgage loans included in the Company’s loan portfolio, 72, or approximately 26.4%, representing approximately $140.7 million of mortgage receivables have matured but have not been repaid in full or extended. The 72 aforementioned loans are inclusive of loans in pending/pre-foreclosure status. These loans are in the process of modification and will be extended if the borrower can satisfy the Company’s underwriting criteria, including the proper LTV ratio, at the time of renewal. The Company treats renewals and extensions of existing loans as new loans.

At December 31, 2023, of the 311 mortgage loans in the Company’s portfolio, 89, or approximately 28.6%, representing approximately $123.8 million of mortgage receivables, had matured in 2023 but were not repaid in full or extended.

Loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty

In certain situations, the Company may provide loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. These modifications may include term extensions, and adding unpaid interest, charges and taxes to the principal balance intended to minimize the Company’s economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. The Company generally receives additional collateral as part of extending the terms of the loan for loans experiencing financial difficulty.

The table below presents loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty:

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The Company monitors the performance of loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The table below presents the performance of loans that have been modified in the last three months to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company considers loans that are 90 days past due to be in payment default.

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The Company monitors the performance of loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The table below presents the performance of loans that have been modified in the last three months to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company considers loans that are 90 days past due to be in payment default.

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As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has committed to lend additional amounts totaling approximately $26.1 million and approximately $24.0 million to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, respectively.